Slash and Burn Agriculture Explanation

Slash and burn agriculture is the process of cutting down the vegetation in a particular plot of land, setting fire to the remaining foliage, and using the ashes to provide nutrients to the soil for the  use of planting food crops. The cleared area following slash and burn, also known as swidden, is used for a relatively short period of time, and then left alone for a longer period of time so that vegetation can grow again. For this reason, this type of agriculture is also known as shifting cultivation. Steps to Slash and Burn Generally, the following steps are taken in slash and burn agriculture: Prepare the field by cutting down vegetation; plants that provide food or timber may be left standing.The downed vegetation is allowed to dry until just before the rainiest part of the year to ensure an effective burn.The plot of land is burned to remove vegetation, drive away pests, and provide a burst of nutrients for planting.Planting is done directly in the ashes left after the burn. Cultivation (the preparation of land for planting crops) on the plot is done for a few years  until the fertility of the formerly burned land is reduced. The plot is left alone for longer than it was cultivated, sometimes up to 10 or more years, to allow wild vegetation to grow on the plot of land. When vegetation has grown again, the slash and burn process may be repeated. Geography of Slash and Burn Agriculture Slash and burn agriculture is most often practiced in places where open land for farming is not readily available because of dense vegetation. These regions include central Africa, northern South America, and Southeast Asia. Such farming is typically done within grasslands and rainforests. Slash and burn is a method of agriculture primarily used by tribal communities for subsistence farming (farming to survive). Humans have practiced this method for about 12,000 years, ever since the transition known as the Neolithic Revolution—the time when humans stopped hunting and gathering and started to stay put and grow crops. Today, between 200 and 500 million people use slash and burn agriculture, roughly 7% of the world’s population. When done properly, slash and burn agriculture provides communities with a source of food and income. Slash and burn allows people to farm in places where it usually is not possible because of dense vegetation, soil infertility, low soil nutrient content, uncontrollable pests, or other reasons. Negative Aspects of Slash and Burn Many critics claim that slash and burn agriculture contributes to a number of persistent environmental problems. They include: Deforestation: When practiced by large populations, or when fields are not given sufficient time for vegetation to grow back, there is a temporary or permanent loss of forest cover.Erosion: When fields are slashed, burned, and cultivated next to each other in rapid succession, roots and temporary water storages are lost and unable to prevent nutrients from leaving the area permanently.Nutrient Loss: For the same reasons, fields may gradually lose the fertility they once had. The result may be desertification, a situation in which land becomes infertile and unable to support the growth of any kind.Biodiversity Loss: When plots of land area are cleared, the various plants and animals that lived there are swept away. If a particular area is the only one that holds a particular species, slashing and burning could result in extinction for that species. Because slash and burn agriculture is often practiced in tropical regions where biodiversity is extremely high, endangerment and extinctio n may be magnified. The negative aspects above are interconnected, and when one happens, typically another happens also. These issues may come about because of irresponsible practices of slash and burn agriculture by large numbers of people. Knowledge of the ecosystem of the area and agricultural skills may provide ways to practice slash and burn agriculture in restorative, sustainable ways.

Domestic Violence As A Pattern Of Abusive Behavior

Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner (Hanson). Worldwide many people are victims or know someone closely that has been effected by domestic violence. Domestic violence does not just come in the form of a husband and wife. It could be any couple whether two men, two women, or a son or daughter. Domestic violence is not a singular term; it can be a plural term over a horizon of multiple situations. Even though domestic violence can happen to anyone regardless of your gender, race, religion. However, one in four women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime and each year one out of three†¦show more content†¦Even though women are more likely to be the victims of domestic violence, each year three million men are victims of domestic violence from their partners (Domestic Violence). Men also have a tendency to not report that they are victims of domestic violence because he may feel as if some of his â€Å"manly ego† may be lost or does not see it as something that should be reported. Instead, he may try to work it out with the loved one; and in some situations where it is man and woman he knows that he is bigger or stronger so the threat of being overpowered by his wife or girlfriend is not an issue. Unlike if it were a woman who is small in size that fear being overpowered by her loved one that is significantly bigger than her. One of the biggest issues of domestic violence is that most domestic violence situations go unreported every year (Domestic Violence). The children and loved one that are apart of these domestic violence events are also greatly affected by the raft of the violence. In many situations the children in the household who witness the domestic abuse are also physically abused themselves. Children who live in homes where there is domestic violence also suffer abuse or neglect at high rates (30% to 60%) (Domestic Violence). Children, in most cases, who are surrounded by abuse or are physically abused, are more likely to use violence or outrages in situations. When children belong to a household where

Spanish Words for Home

Although the differences between the English words house and home are very roughly similar to the differences between Spanish casa and hogar, respectively, hogar is far from the only way that home can be translated. In fact, the concept of home can be translated dozens of ways into Spanish, depending (as usual) on the context. Key Takeaways: Spanish Words for Home In broad terms, the differences between hogar and casa are similar to the differences between home and house, respectively, with the latter terms putting more emphasis on the building rather than the feelings it evokes.Despite their differences, hogar and casa are often interchangeable when referring to a place where someone lives.House and home as adjectives can often be translated as casero or hogareà ±o. Hogar vs. Casa The reverse is also true, but to a much lesser extent: While hogar nearly always refers to a building in which people live, it can also refer to a fireplace (it is derived from the Latin word focus, which meant hearth or fireplace), a lobby or similar place where people gather, or to a family that lives together. When home does refer to a building where people live, usually hogar or casa can be used, with the latter sometimes placing more emphasis on the building itself: Our home is located in the heart of the Bellemont neighborhood. Nuestra casa està ¡ situada en el corazà ³n del Barrio Bellemont.Our home will be celebrating with your arrival. Con tu llegada nuestro hogar està ¡ de fiesta.We can build your home in Chile. Podemos construir tu casa en Chile.My mothers home is the perfect place for the children. La casa de mi madre es el sitio perfecto para los nià ±os.The country has prohibited there being statues in a Muslim home. El paà ­s ha prohibido que en un hogar musulmà ¡n haya estatuas. To refer to institutional residences, hogar typically is used (although casa isnt unheard of): The entry of a loved one into a home for the elderly or similar institution can be a traumatic experience. La entrada de un ser querido en un hogar de ancianos o institucià ³n semejante puede ser una experiencia traumà ¡tica.The Farmworker Youth Home is an alternative for child care. El Hogar Juvenil Campesino es una alternativa para dar atencià ³n al nià ±o. At home can usually be translated as en casa, while to go home is to go a casa: Im not at home. No estoy en casa.We are going home at 9. Vamos a casa a las nueve. Adjective Forms for 'House' and 'Home' The singular masculine adjective forms of casa and hogar are casero and hogareà ±o: Many choose to feed their pets homemade food. Muchos optan por alimentar a sus mascotas con comida casera.The nine-bedroom mansion includes a home theater with 12 seats. La mansià ³n de nueve habitaciones incluye un teatro casero con doce asientos.  His early home life was not the type that can produce a completely trustworthy person. Su vida hogareà ±a temprana no fue del tipo que pueda producir una persona completamente confiable.Nicotine is highly toxic for the most common house pets. La nicotina es altamente tà ³xica para las mascotas hogareà ±as mà ¡s comunes. Other Types of 'Home' When home refers to the center or original place, various translations can be used: Just as Hollywood is the home of movies, Nashville is the home of country music. Asà ­ como Hollywood es el centro de las pelà ­culas, Nashville es el centro de la mà ºsica country.Greetings from Idaho, home of delicious potatoes. Saludos desde Idaho, la tierra de las papas riquà ­simas.Wendys is the home of the square hamburger. Wendys es el creador de la hamburguesa cuadrada. In Internet usage, the home page is usually the pà ¡gina principal or pà ¡gina inicial. A link to the home page may be labeled Inicio, although sometimes the loanword home is used as well. In recreation, home has various meanings: A home game is typically un juego en casa, while the home team is often el equipo local.In baseball, the home plate can be la goma, el hogar, or el plato, among other terms. El jonrà ³n (obviously derived from the English phrase) is universally used for home run.In board games and some athletic contests, where reaching home is the goal of the game, it can be known as la meta or el final, among other terms. The most common term for homeless is sin hogar, although sin casa is used, as is, less rarely, sin vivienda. Homeless people can be known as los sinhogares.

Amazon Rainforest Issues - 3286 Words

The battle for the Amazon rainforest is a daunting task. Its a long going battle between miners, loggers, and developers against the indigenous people who call it home. Its a battle like any battle in a war; it affects lives, families, the economy, politics, and the environment amongst other things. The main topic of this debate is the effects of the Amazon deforestation on the people who live in it, this will be the focus of this research paper. In this paper, I will discuss the history, causes, effects and solutions for the Amazon rainforest deforestation. Needless to say, the environmental problems of today started a long time ago, before automobiles, electricity, and the Industrial Revolution. From ancient times to present†¦show more content†¦Along with the loggers come miners seeking gold and other minerals found in the forest. Miners come in after the loggers to further strip the land of valuable resources. Mining also carries with it its own ecological problems. For example, while mining, many of the deposits are returned to the river, which normally dont go there, like mercury for example. These rivers have become poisoned and polluted in some parts, killing fish and exposing those that live on and live off the river to diseases which they have no immunity to. Loggers and miners combined have caused many problems, one of which is increased violence. Indigenous people are killed defending their land, and in turn, loggers and miners are killed in retaliation. Also, the loggers and miners disrupt the serenity of everyday life in the rainforest. Many of the tribes leave their ancestral homes to flee the noise and disruption of the miners (Smith 66). Obviously these loggers and miners must not think of the areas they invade and destroy as a home. Invading the rainforest is no different than bulldozers leveling out a suburb in the Twin Cities. Although the location and settings are different between the rainforest and American suburbs, they do share a very important similarity. That is, in these communities live human beings with minds, families, and feelings. Loggers and miners deserve the criticism theyre getting, butShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Surrounding The Amazon Rainforest1206 Words   |  5 Pages The Denver Academy has recently researched and defined some of the important facts surrounding the Amazon rainforest. In 2017, the Amazon rainforest covers 2.1 million square miles of South America. It is a vast ecosystem home to 10% of the world’s known species (The Denver Academy). They go on to say that the trees are so dense, when it rains, it takes 10 minutes for the water to break through the forest roof. The destruction of this habitat could lead to extinction of these species, and have devastatingRead MoreAmazon Rainforest And Its Impact On The Biome1576 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Is Amazon Rainforest, What Are the Human Activities In it and what effects do these activities have on the biome? One of the biome which I found interesting was the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon Rainforest is region which is owned by more than 1 country because of its land mass. It is actually owned by 9 nations. This biome is situated in the amazon basin of South Africa. The Amazon Rainforest covers 5,500,000 km2 (2,123,562 sq mi) of total 7000000 km2 of the Amazon basin. This particular rainforestRead MoreAmazon Forests : The Amazon Rainforest1577 Words   |  7 Pagesacres, the Amazon rainforest stands as an amazing wonder in the world. The majority of the Amazon rainforest lies in Brazil, but also is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, and Guiana. Covering such a vast amount of land makes this region one of the most diverse ecological habitats in the word, but, while recognized as a priceless jewel of nature and a key factor in the global climate control, greed and selfishness are quickly destroying the Amazon RainforestRead MoreDeforestation of T he Amazon Rainforest945 Words   |  4 Pages Brazil holds the global warming issue in the palms of its hands and the government of the world’s fifth-largest economy doesn’t seem to care. A recent article featured on usatoday.com states that the destruction of the Amazon rainforest rose 28% from August 2012 to July 2013 after 4 straight years of decline (Sibaja, 2013). I’m sure this may surprise some people because of the widespread concern of global warming and the affect it may have on future generations, but I don’t think the Brazilian governmentRead MoreThe Lung of Our Earth904 Words   |  4 Pagesremaining rain forests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Obviously, deforestation has been becoming an alarming phenomenon for the whole world. Writing about this issue, Laura Lopen, John Maier and Dick Thompson express some quite strong opinions. In â€Å"Playing with Fire†, the authors indicate that the rain forests of the Amazon are being destroyed extremely. Annually, farmers, cattle ranchers, loggers cut down trees for crops, pasturage and production. According to the authors, these actionsRead MoreWorld At Risk Assessment : Describe Aspects Of A Geographic Issue Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesWORLD AT RISK ASSESSMENT Describe aspects of a geographic issue ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE – COMPLETE YOUR ASSESSMENT UNDER EACH HEADING: STUDENT NAME: Connor Nichols PART ONE – Describe the nature of the geographic issue Describe the issue: what it is, where it is happening, why it is happening, who it involves, how it effects people and the environment. You must include a map showing the location of the issue (you may find one on the internet or construct it yourself). You may include any other visualsRead MoreDeforestation Is A Global Issue1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is the cutting or burning down trees. Two main reasons the Amazon rainforest is being cleared is for raising cattle and growing crops (Figure 1). This is because the production of beef and soy has increased.1 The Amazon rainforest is located in countries throughout South America. The area this report will look at is Brazil, which is the largest country in the region. The majority of deforestation in the Amazon takes place in Brazil.2 There areRead MoreAmazon Rainforest Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed by deforestation since the 1960s. At the current rate of deforestation, over half of the remaining rainforest could be gone in the next 17 years (Bradford 2015). Deforestation negatively impacts animal biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest. There are animal species that can only live in the Amazon Rainforest. With deforestation, they will become extinct. In this paper, habitat fragmentation, the diverse animal and plant population in the Amazon, deforestationRead MoreThe Amazon Rainforest : The World s Air Conditioning System Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pages The amazon rainforest is in south America between brazil 60% and Peru 30% in the amazon forest. However, it is located near the equator that is 2.1 billion square miles. The amazon rainforest is important because we rely on the ecosystem culturally, some things that we can do to save the rainforest is to get more involved with the community, multiculturalism, the producers, secondary producers and consumers. how to fight back to save the amazon rainforest. Multiculturalism of the amazon is theRead MoreThe Deforestation of the Ecuadorian Amazon Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesThe Amazon is a vast region spanning across Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana (Walker, Cesareo 2014). Possessing the most developed rainforest of anywhere in the world, over two-thirds of all the fresh water and 20% of the earth’s oxygen are produced in the Amazons (wcupa.edu). Despite the vital role of the Amazons, the rapid deforestation continues to affect the ecosystem. (Mainville, et al, 2006). The main causes of deforestation include unsustainable

Character Development in the Kite Runner Free Essays

The central character of the story as well as its narrator, Amir has a privileged upbringing. His father, Baba, is rich by Afghan standards, and as a result, Amir grows up accustomed to having what he wants. The only thing he feels deprived of is a deep emotional connection with Baba, which he blames on himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Development in the Kite Runner or any similar topic only for you Order Now He thinks Baba wishes Amir were more like him, and that Baba holds him responsible for killing his mother, who died during his birth. Amir, consequently, behaves jealously toward anyone receiving Baba’s affection. His relationship with Hassan only exacerbates this.Though Hassan is Amir’s best friend, Amir feels that Hassan, a Hazara servant, is beneath him. When Hassan receives Baba’s attention, Amir tries to assert himself by passive-aggressively attacking Hassan. He mocks Hassan’s ignorance, for instance, or plays tricks on him. At the same time, Amir never learns to assert himself against anyone else because Hassan always defends him. All of these factors play into his cowardice in sacrificing Hassan, his only competition for Baba’s love, in order to get the blue kite, which he thinks will bring him Baba’s approval. The change in Amir’s character we see in the novel centers on his growth from a selfish child to a selfless adult. After allowing Hassan to be raped, Amir is not any happier. On the contrary, his guilt is relentless, and he recognizes his selfishness cost him his happiness rather than increasing it. Once Amir has married and established a career, only two things prevent his complete happiness: his guilt and his inability to have a child with Soraya. Sohrab, who acts as a substitute for Hassan to Amir, actually becomes a solution to both problems.Amir describes Sohrab as looking like a sacrificial lamb during his confrontation with Assef, but it is actually himself that Amir courageously sacrifices. In doing this, as Hassan once did for him, Amir redeems himself, which is why he feels relief even as Assef beats him. Amir also comes to see Sohrab as a substitute for the child he and Soraya cannot have, and as a self-sacrificing father figure to Sohrab, Amir assumes the roles of Baba and Hassan. Plot Amir tells us about the unique relationship he has with Hassan, a Hazara boy who is the victim of discrimination, but ironically is the half-brother of Amir, a Pashtun.Amir is overwhelmed with guilt when he allows Hassan to be beaten and raped on the day Amir wins the kite flying tournament. He lies to have Hassan accused of theft so he will leave their home and Amir can try to forget his guilt. Eventually, Amir and his father flee Afghanistan after the Russians invade and Amir takes his tragic memories to America to start a new life. Unfortunately, his debt to Hassan must be paid and he returns to his country to find Hassan’s orphaned son and rescue him.There, he discovers that Sohrab has become the sexual plaything of Assef, the bully who had tormented both Amir and Hassan when they were you ng. Ultimately, Amir must defeat Assef in a raging physical battle, take the damaged Sohrab out of Afghanistan and try to help him repair his spirit. Conflict Amir is the protagonist, because it is his story – a story that details his childhood in Afghanistan and the terrible sin he commits against Hassan, a Hazara boy who also happens to be his half-brother. It also details how he eventually returns to his homeland to atone for that sin by finding Hassan’s son, Sohrab, and bringing him home.The antagonist is, on the surface, the man named Assef, who is a bigoted childhood acquaintance of Amir and Hassan. He torments them both, but actually attacks and rapes Hassan. Later, when the Taliban gains control of Afghanistan, he becomes one of them so he can continue to torture others he finds inferior to himself. He also takes Sohrab as his sexual plaything and Amir must defeat Assef to bring Sohrab home and to the family he deserves. the other antagonist is Amir’s sin which he must expiate before he can find redemption. Setting (Time)  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  1975 through 2001 * (Place)  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  Kabul, Afghanistan; California, United States Mood The narrator speaks in the first person, primarily describing events that occurred months and years ago. The narrator describes these events subjectively, explaining only how he experienced them. At one point, another character briefly narrates a chapter from his own point of view. At times, the mood of  The Kite Runner  is tragic, filled with despair, and very sad; at other times, it is uplifting and hopeful. Finally, it is a triumphant commentary on the human spirit.Development of Central Theme: The search for redemption; the love and tension between fathers and sons; the intersection of political events and private lives; the persistence of the past. The Search for Redemption Amir’s quest to redeem himself makes up the heart of the novel. Early on, Amir strives to redeem himself in Baba’s eyes, primarily because his mother died giving birth to him, and he feels responsible. To redeem himself to Baba, Amir thinks he must win the kite-tournament and bring Baba the losing kite, both of which are inciting incidents that set the rest of the novel in motion.The more substantial part of Amir’s search for redemption, however, stems from his guilt regarding Hassan. That guilt drives the climactic events of the story, including Amir’s journey to Kabul to find Sohrab and his confrontation with Assef. The moral standard Amir must meet to earn his redemption is set early in the book, when Baba says that a boy who doesn’t stand up for himself becomes a man who can’t stand up to anything. As a boy, Amir fails to stand up for himself. As an adult, he can only redeem himself by proving he has the courage to stand up for what is right. How to cite Character Development in the Kite Runner, Papers

Adaptation to Terrestrial Living free essay sample

Terrestrial ecology or dry lands are zones that have limited availability of soil water due low penetration and high evaporation of the water. They don’t give enough precipitation distribution to sustain water resources that meet plant requirements. This leads to moisture input being less than the moisture loss in plants. Plants adapt to terrestrial land in different forms, some of them include; surface pores (stomata) which makes exchange of gases possible, a waxy cuticle, reproductive structures that are protected and embryonic sporophyte retention in the female gametophyte. In order for the plants to utilize mineral resources in the soil and water, the plant’s roots respond by having large surface areas that are supported by mycorrhiza. They also possess some vascular tissue in which the food and water are conducted. In addition to this, the plant roots lack chlorophyll and wax (Sukumar, 2003, pp. 56). The plant has got leaves and Stems that are responsible for tapping light and carbon dioxide that enables photosynthesis to take place. We will write a custom essay sample on Adaptation to Terrestrial Living or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order for that plant to utilize this effectively the leaves and the stems do have waxy covering that inhibit loss of water and some chloroplasts which moves to get arrangement for light absorption in the best approach. The leaves also have turgo pressure which inhibits the wilting of the leaves. To prevent excess water loss through the leaves that may make the plant dry up, the leaves are structured in a way that their stomata controls the loss of water and the absorption of carbon dioxide (Sukmar, 2003, pp.67). Gravitational forces prevent the plant to grow in a vertical manner. To overcome this, the plant has got Lignin which is used to reinforce cellulose. It is a skeletal support that gives turgo pressure chance to increase in order to support the plants rigidity. Another adaptation of plants to terrestrial living is the vascular transport system. This is essential since the plant needs a mechanism that inhibits water loss as well as efficient conduction of the water. This vascular system is composed of the xylem, microscopic pipes and phloem. Lignified Xylem adds to the tissue that supports the plant. Dryness is another problem of plants in adapting to terrestrial living which the plant has got no option but to adapt to. The plant responds to this in several ways; the seeds assist in dispersion of plants. They also have the capability to survive the harshest conditions. Some of the seeds do survive for many years till favorable conditions come, when it sprouts. In order for the plant to spread, the male gametophyte part of the pollen is structured in a way that it travels big distances being carried by either insects or the wind. The plant has diploid condition that shows all the above described specialized tissues that help in dominance of generation of Sporophyte (Adger, 2001, pp.89). To make good utilization of reproduction system, the plants flowering system is structured to attract pollinators. The flowers are the co evolution products with animals and especially insect leading to efficient means of egg and sperm unity. The structure of their fruits helps to disperse the seeds. The flowers are designed in a specialized way that helps prevent self fertilization, reduces energy demands and at the same time attracting insects. The pollein grains of the plants hustling to adapt to terrestrial living have little moisture which makes them easy dispersed by wind and easily move from the anther to stigma. References: Adger W. Neil, 2001. Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam. London: Routledge; pp.89. Sukumar Raman, 2003. The Living Elephants: Evolution Ecology, Behavior and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press; pp. 56, 67.

Persuasive Outlines for Gay Marriage free essay sample

There are differences in a persuasive and informative speech. First, a persuasive speech means to influence your listeners to change their way of thinking to yours through factual and logical information. A persuasive speech will get your listeners to re-evaluate their view on a topic and change their beliefs. A persuasive speech is not to deliver complete information but to use information to make a convincing argument. An informative speech has the purpose to inform your listeners to a specific topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Outlines for Gay Marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An informative speech is to teach and educate a person or group of people on a certain subject. You are not trying to change the opinion of someone just giving new information. The differences between the two are persuasion is to get another person to see you way and change their own view on the subject. An informative speech is to teach and educate another person about a specific topic. For an example, an informative speech about cheerios would tell you how the product was made and where it comes from. Where a persuasive speech about Cheerios would tell you why you should eat them instead of say Rice Crispies. Persuasive speeches are use more by politicians, salesperson, and lawyers because their role is to get you to think their way is the right way. An informative speech is for say teachers, professors, counselors, mentors because their roles are to teach and educate you on a subject not change your views. The informational speech does not lead your listeners towards a conclusion as the persuasive speech does. gregory, H. (2008). public speaking for college carrer. boston ma : mcgraw-hill . nalven, k. (2011, june 3). differences between persausive informative speaking. Retrieved august 17, 2011, from ehow contributor: www. ehow. com